This deliverable systematically maps and analyses literature on deliberative democracy, citizens’ assemblies, and related innovations, with a focus on intersectionality and the inclusion of marginalised groups. It provides an overview of current scholarship, identifies gaps, and sets the stage for subsequent deliverables within WP2 and the wider project.

The report is structured in five sections:

1. Introduction to the project and objectives;
2. Methodology for literature search and analysis;
3. Quantitative bibliometric analysis;
4. Qualitative thematic narratives;
5. Reflections with next steps.

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This deliverable establishes the analytical and normative framework for our project, which aims to identify and address exclusion from citizens’ assemblies using intersectionality. It defines key concepts of inclusion, equality, and deliberation, and explains how intersectionality can guide the design, operation, and evaluation of citizens’ assemblies. The framework will inform the selection of models in Deliverable 2.3 and the design and piloting of assemblies. By linking theory and practice, Deliverable 2.2 provides a foundation for ensuring that citizens’ assemblies are genuinely inclusive and responsive to intersecting forms of marginalisation.

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This deliverable finalizes the framework that will guide the evaluation of Citizens’ Assemblies at local, national, and EU levels. It supports consistency across the project's research activities and enables comparisons between the different mini-publics studied.

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This deliverable aims to provide a review of legal and policy documents adopted by the European institutions addressing intersectionality in various policy areas of the European Union (EU), and in deliberative democracy and its mechanisms, specially in citizens’ assemblies (CAs). 

The report presents findings in two parts:

1. Intersectionality in general, including binding and non-binding measures and case law;
2. Intersectionality within deliberative mechanisms, drawing on insights from Deliverable 2.2.

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This deliverable presents the datasets collected during the empirical research phase of our project. It includes anonymised transcripts from qualitative interviews with individuals involved in citizens’ assemblies and quantitative secondary data from two past assemblies. The deliverable comprises this Explanatory Note and the full datasets, hosted on the project’s Zenodo page.

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This report summarizes the Experts’ Workshop on ‘Designing Intersectional Citizens’ Assemblies’, held by the University of Essex in Colchester, on 9–10 July 2025. The workshop brought together researchers and practitioners to explore citizens’ assembly design through the lens of intersectionality and provided expert feedback to guide the project’s next steps.

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